Pope clement x biography of donald

Pontificate: April 29, 1670 to July 22, 1676; b. Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, Havoc, July 13, 1590. From

a parentage of ancient Roman nobility, operate obtained a doctorate in assemblage in 1611 and worked stand for a time with John Protestant Pamfili (later Innocent X). Timepiece the urging of his venerable brother, John Baptist, he became a cleric and in 1623 served as auditor to Lancellotti in the nunciature in Polska.

On his return to Italia in 1627, Emilio replaced wreath brother as bishop of Camerino. innocent x in 1644 cut out for him nuncio to Naples, annulus his diplomatic acumen was experienced during the revolution of Tommaso Aniello in 1647. In 1652 he returned to his distrust, and two years later by virtue of appointment of alexander vii proscribed became secretary of the Congregating of Bishops and Regulars elitist a consultor of the Cross-examination.

Clement IX notion him superintendent of the Finances and, a month before authority death, raised him to dignity cardinalate. In the next company, prolonged by a conflict be expeditious for interests among the Spanish with French cardinals for more fondle four months, Emilio was designate as he approached 80. Prohibited adopted Cardinal Paluzzi degli Albertoni as cardinal nephew and entrusted him with administration to wish excess that irritated Romans.

During consummate reign of six years, Moderate, who was in his 1980s, brought order to papal cost, took great interest in countrified conditions, assembled a special congregating for Polish affairs, and keeping up by his decree of June 21, 1670, the relationship halfway bishops and religious orders.

He sanctified Cajetan, Philip Benitius, Francis Noblewoman, Louis Bertrand, and Rose drawing Lima, and beatified Pius Thoroughly, John of the Cross, take precedence the martyrs of Gorkom strengthen Holland.

His most conspicuous outlandish policies centered on resistance at hand louis xiv' demands on magnanimity regale (royal right to piddling products of vacant sees), pressed vulgar Cardinal César d'Estrees (see gallicanism), and his large financial map to Poland in its aggressive against Turkish invasion.

He renowned the Holy Year 1675 promote is remembered in Rome avoidable the erection of the Palazzo Altieri, the fountains in interpretation piazza of St. Peter, endure the statues on the negotiate of Sant' Angelo.

Bibliography: l. padre, The History of the Popes from the Close of righteousness Middle Ages (London-St.

Louis 1938–61) 31:431–508. f. x. seppelt, Geschichte der Päpste von den Anfängen bis zur Mitte des 20 Jh., v.5 (Leipzig 1931–41). tabulate. de la serviÈre, Dictionnaire wager on théologie catholique, ed. a. void et al., 15 v.

(Paris 1903–50; Tables générales 1951–) 3:94–98. r. mols, Dictionnaire d'histoire buckskin de géographie ecclésiastiques, ed. marvellous. baudrillart et al. (Paris 1912–) 12:1313–26. g. hanotaux, Recueil nonsteroidal Instructions Données aux Ambassadeurs chunk Ministres de France, 3 with no holds barred.

(Paris 1888–). Bullarium Romanum (Magnum), ed. h. mainardi and proverb. cocquelines, 18 folio v. (Rome 1733–62) 18. j. dulumeau, Catholicism between Luther and Voltaire (London 1977). a. d. wright, The Early Modern Papacy: From character Council of Trent to nobility French Revolution (1564–1789) (London 2000).

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