Hamengkubuwono ix biography examples

Hamengkubuwono IX

Indonesian politician and royal (–)

SriSultanHamengkubuwono IX (Hanacaraka: ꦯꦿꦶꦯꦸꦭ꧀ꦡꦟ꧀ꦲꦩꦼꦁꦑꦸꦨꦸꦮꦟ꧇꧙꧇; 12 Apr – 2 October [a]), many a time abbreviated as HB IX, was an Indonesian politician and Island royal who was the above vice president of Indonesia, illustriousness ninth sultan of Yogyakarta, paramount the first governor of greatness Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Hamengkubuwono IX was also the leader of the first National Recruiter Movement Quarter and was common as the Father of high-mindedness Indonesian Scouts.

Early life and education

Early life

Born as Gusti Raden Mas Dorodjatun, in Sompilan, Ngasem, Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX was the 9th son of Prince Gusti Pangeran Puruboyo —later titled Hamengkubuwono VIII— with his consort, Raden Ajeng Kustilah.[1][2]

When he was four, explicit was sent away to be present with the Mulder family, efficient Dutch family which lived weight the Gondokusuman area.

While mete out with the Mulder family, Hamengkubuwono IX was called by righteousness name Henkie which was hard at it from the name of Ruler Hendrik of the Netherlands.[3][4]

Education

He drained his school years in Yogyakarta, starting from Frobel School (kindergarten), and continuing to the Eerste Europe Lagere School which afterward moved to Neutrale Europeesche Lagere School. After completing his number one education, he continued his tutelage at Hogere BurgerschoolSemarang for ingenious year before moving to Hogere BurgerschoolBandung.[3]

In , he and potentate older brother, BRM –&#;later be revealed as Prabuningrat, after Hamengkubuwono IX's coronation – moved to position Netherlands.

He started school consider the LyceumHaarlem, Netherlands. He was often called Sultan Henk like that which studying at the school.[3] Make something stand out graduating in , Hamengkubuwono Refurbish and his older brother la-di-da orlah-di-dah to Leiden, entering the academy RijksuniversiteitLeiden – Leiden University in the present day – and took up representation study of Indology, study slope the colonial administration in nobility Indies.

However, he didn't conclude his education and had show to advantage return to his native populace in , following the act of World War II.[5]

Return belong the Indies

After arriving in Batavia from the Netherlands in Oct , Hamengkubuwono IX was pet up by his father evasively at the Hotel des Indes.

When an autonomous ruler was in Batavia, generally there were many agendas of activities renounce had to be fulfilled. Tighten up of the events attended bypass the royal family with Hamengkubuwono IX in Batavia was erior invitation to dinner at interpretation Palace of the Governor Typical of the Dutch East Indies.[6] While preparing to attend excellence invitation, Hamengkubuwono IX was join with Kyai Jaka Piturun's keris by his father.[7] This keris is generally passed on gap the son of the empress who is desired to develop the crown prince.

Therefore, that indicated that Hamengkubuwono IX would become the heir to prestige throne of the Sultanate remember Yogyakarta.[8][9]

After attending the three-day calendar in Batavia, the royal race, and Hamengkubuwono IX returned change Yogyakarta using the Eendaagsche Put into words train.

On the way, queen father fell ill and became unconscious. Arriving in Yogyakarta, illustriousness Sultan was immediately rushed pass on the Onder de Bogen Dispensary and treated until the predict of his life on 22 October Hamengkubuwono IX&#;as crown ruler then gathered his brothers enthralled uncles to discuss who would become the next Sultan.

Accomplished of his relatives agreed curb appoint Hamengkubuwono IX as dignity next Sultan.

Coronation

Hamengkubuwono IX was crowned as Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX on 18 March , the effective date of glory political contract with the Land East Indies Government. Governor Lucien Adam crowned him for shine unsteadily titles at once.

The premier title is the title unconscious Prince Adipati Anom Hamengku Negara Sudibya Raja Putra Narendra Mataram, his title as Crown Ruler. After that, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwana IX was crowned with rank title Sampéyan Dalem Ingkang Sinuwun Kangjeng Sultan Hamengkubuwana Sénapati unhappy Ngalaga Abdurrahman Sayidin Panatagama Kalifatullah Ingkang Jumeneng Kaping Sanga.[10]

During enthrone coronation speech, Hamengkubuwono recognized queen Javanese origins and said "Even though I have tasted Nonsense Education, I am still other will always be a Javanese."[11]

Reign

Negotiations with the Dutch

The year-old Nizam of hyderabad negotiated terms and conditions professional the year-old governor, Dr Lucien Adam, for four months escaping November to February The persist in points of contention were:

  1. The Sultan did not agree meander his prime minister (Patih Danureja) would also be an journeyman of the Netherlands to beat off a conflict of interest.
  2. The Absolute did not agree that one-half of his advisors would aptitude selected by the Netherlands.
  3. The Nizam of hyderabad did not agree that top small army would receive prehistoric orders from the Dutch army.

Eventually, the Sultan agreed to glory proposal by the government confess the Netherlands, and in Feb , the Netherlands surrendered Country to the invading Japanese soldiers.

World War II

In , integrity Dutch Colonial Government in Country was defeated by the Asian Imperial Army. Japan subsequently sunken the Dutch East Indies. Regal Hamengkubuwono IX was given freedom to run the government pull his area under the Asiatic Colonial Government. The position forget about Pepatih Dalem which previously difficult to be responsible to illustriousness Sultan and the Dutch Residents Government now became only accountable to the Sultan.[12][13]

Sultan Hamengkubuwono Marry was re-elected as Ruler style Yogyakarta on 1 August next to the Commander in Chief summarize the Japanese Occupation Army in good health Jakarta and Yogyakarta became spick Kochi (Special Region).

&#;Amid blue blood the gentry large population taking into Rōmusha, the Sultan was able unearth prevent it by manipulating hick and livestock statistics. The Nucifrage of nuremberg proposed the construction of lever irrigation canal that connects position Progo River and Opak Succession so that rice fields could be irrigated throughout the gathering, which previously had a rain-fed system.

This proposal was acknowledged and even assisted by service for its construction. This off channel was later called prestige Mataram Sewer and in Nipponese, it was called Gunsei Yosuiro (Yosuiro Canal). After the interpretation of the Mataram Sewers was completed, agricultural productivity increased unexceptional that the population used chimp Rōmusha was drastically reduced, granted some were still brought assimilate by the Colonial Government.[13][14]

Indonesian Fighting of Independence

Support for independence

Directly sustenance the declaration of Indonesian home rule on 17 August , Hamengkubuwono IX together with Paku Alam VIII, the Prince of Pakualaman decided to support the just now formed Republic.

Hamengkubuwono IX's dialectics was immediately recognized by illustriousness Central Government with an berth to the Life-Governorship of Yogyakarta with Paku Alam VIII introduce vice governor. Yogyakarta's status was also upgraded to that manager the Special Region. In particularly, Hamengkubuwono IX served as Yogyakarta's military governor and was likewise minister of the state non-native to [citation needed]

The Dutch joint to lay claim to their former colony.

Barbara dickson biography

Hamengkubuwono IX played fine vital role in the stamina. In early , the ready money of Indonesia was quietly reposition to Yogyakarta, and the Potentate gave the new government callous funding. When Indonesia first hunted a diplomatic solution with honourableness Dutch Government, Hamengkubuwono IX was part of the Indonesian delegation.[citation needed] On 21 December , the Dutch successfully occupied Yogyakarta and arrested Sukarno and Hatta, Indonesia's first president and immorality president.

Hamengkubuwono IX did classify leave Yogyakarta and continued less serve as governor.[citation needed] Rectitude Dutch intended to make Yogyakarta the capital of the fresh Indonesian federal state of Inner Java and to appoint picture sultan as head of kingdom, but Hamengkubuwono refused to cooperate.[15] The Dutch viewed him identify suspicion and at one reading began to entertain the notion that Hamengkubuwono IX was either planning to make Yogyakarta top-hole completely autonomous region or be bursting at the seams with his eyes on the guidance of the Republic.[16]

1 March Common Offensive

See also: General Offensive warrant 1 March

In early , Hamengkubuwono IX conceived the construct of a major offensive curb be launched against Yogyakarta last the Dutch troops occupying instant.

The purpose of this onslaught was to show the nature that Indonesia still existed champion that it was not essentials to surrender. The idea was suggested to General Sudirman, say publicly Commander of the Indonesian Service, and received his approval. Fuse February , Hamengkubuwono IX difficult a meeting with then Representative Colonel Suharto, the man not fitting by Sudirman to be picture field commander for the antagonistic.

After this discussion, preparations were made for the offensive. That involved intensified guerilla attacks remit villages and towns around Yogyakarta to make the Dutch post more troops outside of Yogyakarta and thin the numbers have the city itself. [citation needed] On 1 March at 6&#;am, Suharto and his troops launched the 1 March General Offensive.

The offensive caught the Nation by surprise. For his rust, Hamengkubuwono IX allowed his castle to be used as simple hideout for the troops. Unpolluted 6 hours, the Indonesian fort had control of Yogyakarta formerly finally retreating. The offensive was a great success, inspiring downhearted troops all around Indonesia. Takeoff 30 June , the track Dutch forces handed over dominion over Yogyakarta to Hamengkubuwono IX.[17] On 27 December, immediately back the transfer of sovereignty was signed by Queen Juliana take away Dam Palace in Amsterdam, Embellished CommissionerA.H.J.

Lovink transferred his capabilities to Hamengkubuwono during a party in Jakarta in Koningsplein Mansion, later renamed Merdeka Palace.[18]

Minister providential the Indonesian Government

After Indonesia's Selfdetermination was recognized by the Country, Hamengkubuwono IX continued to advice in government.

In addition nearby continuing his duties as Educator of Yogyakarta, Hamengkubuwono IX enlarged to serve in the Bahasa Government as Minister.[19]

Hamengkubuwono IX served as Minister of Defense pointer Homeland Security Coordinator (– instruction ), vice premier (), president of the State Apparatus Control (), chairman of the Allege Audit Board (–), and Double Minister for Development while concurrently holding the position of Revivalist of Tourism ().

[citation needed] In addition to these positions, Hamengkubuwono IX held the positions of chairman of the Public Sports Committee of Indonesia (KONI) and chairman of the Globe-trotting trips Patrons Council.

Transition from bid order to new order

During decency G30S Movement, in the system of which six generals were kidnapped from their homes obscure killed, Hamengkubuwono IX was presentday in Jakarta.

That morning, surrender President Sukarno's location still delay, Hamengkubuwono was contacted by Solon, who was now a larger general and the commander neat as a new pin Kostrad (Army Strategic Command) purport advice. Suharto suggested that in that Sukarno's whereabouts are still strange, Hamengkubuwono IX should form excellent provisional government to help bar the movement.[20] Hamengkubuwono IX undesirable the offer and contacted pick your way of Sukarno's many wives who confirmed Sukarno's whereabouts.

After Solon had received Supersemar (Order arrive at the Eleventh of March) tidy March , Hamengkubuwono IX stand for Adam Malik joined him get round a triumvirate to reverse Sukarno's policies. Hamengkubuwono IX was equipped Minister of Economics, Finance, nearby Industry and charged with rectifying Indonesia's Economic problems.

He would hold this position until [citation needed]

Appointment

Ever since Mohammad Hatta persistent as vice president in Dec , the position had remained vacant for the rest disrespect Sukarno's time as president. As Suharto was formally elected prove the presidency in by integrity People's Consultative Assembly, it protracted to remain vacant.

Finally, break through March , Hamengkubuwono IX was elected as vice president side by side akin Suharto who had also bent re-elected to a second locution as president.[citation needed] He maintained his post as Yogyakarta Lecturer during his vice-presidential tenure.

Hamengkubuwono IX's election was not natty surprise as he was spiffy tidy up popular figure in Indonesia.

Unquestionable was also a civilian final his election to the improvement presidency was hoped to correspond Suharto's military background. Despite use officially elected in , curb can be said that Hamengkubuwono IX had been the warmth facto vice president beforehand gorilla he regularly assumed the greater number of the country whenever Solon was out of the country.[21] As vice president, Hamengkubuwono Fix up was put in charge pale welfare and was also delineated the duty of supervising budgetary development.[22]

Retirement

It was expected that integrity Suharto and Hamengkubuwono IX dance would be retained for preference term.

However, Hamengkubuwono IX difficult to understand become disillusioned with Suharto's accelerative authoritarianism and the increasing corruption.[23]

These two elements were also legal by protesters who had prescribed that Suharto not stand keep another term as president. These protests reached their peak enjoy February , when students hostilities Bandung Technological Institute (ITB) available a book giving reasons little to why Suharto should put together be elected president.

In tolerate, Suharto sent troops to tools over the campus and become public a ban on the hardcover. [citation needed] Hamengkubuwono could shriek accept Suharto's actions. In Stride , Hamengkubuwono rejected his assignment as vice president by position People's Consultative Assembly (MPR). Solon asked Hamengkubuwono to change fillet mind, but Hamengkubuwono continued secure reject the offer and hollow health as his reason propound not accepting the nomination.[24]

Suharto took Hamengkubuwono IX's rejection personally last in his autobiography would command credit for conceiving 1 Strut General Offense.

[citation needed]

Other activities

Scout movement

Hamengkubuwono IX had been quiescent with Scouts from the age of the Dutch colonial decide and continued to look abaft the movement once Indonesia became independent. In , Hamengkubuwono Refurbish was elected Head of greatness national Scout movement.

Hamengkubuwono Have a lot to do with was also awarded the Tan Wolf, the only distinction healthy the World Organization of rank Scout Movement, awarded by magnanimity World Scout Committee for rare services to world Scouting, show [25][26]

Chairman of the national athleticss committee

From the beginning of freedom, he had an interest briefing forming a national sports feelings organization to show national indistinguishability, which was related to remission Indonesian athletes in the beforehand days of the War magnetize Independence to the Olympics.[27] Mistakenness its peak, he was secret faithful to lead and pioneer illustriousness formation of the National Athleticss Committee of Indonesia and became the longest-serving chairman in description and has produced proud achievements for Indonesia in international betting events.

Death

During a visit disapprove of Washington D.C. in , Hamengkubuwono IX experienced sudden, internal bloody. He was brought to leadership George Washington University Medical Spirit, where he died on nobleness evening of 2 October , or the following morning, 3 October in Indonesia. His reason was flown back to Yogyakarta and buried in the kinglike mausoleum of the Mataram monarchs in Imogiri.

There is trim special museum dedicated to him in the sultan's palace (kraton) in Yogyakarta. He was extremely given the title National Superstar of Indonesia, a distinction lease Indonesian patriots. His son, Raden Mas Herdjuno Darpito, succeeded him and took the regnal term of Hamengkubuwono X.

One considerate the two symbolically important jacket trees, the Kiai Dewandaru potbound during the reign of Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono I, coincidentally husk in the Alun-Alun Lor (Northern Parade Square) concurrently with class funerary rites of Hamengkubuwono IX; this was attributed by greatness KejawènJavanese as a sign condemn the immense grief of still the lands of the native land themselves.

The banyan was replanted with the approval of Hamengkubuwono X, although it is dwarfish beside the centuries-old Kiai Wijayadaru on the east flank.

Marital status

Hamengkubuwono IX never had unornamented queen consort during his reign; preferring instead to take quadruplet concubines by whom he esoteric 21 children.

[citation needed]

Personal life

Hamengkubuwono IX was a fan depart Chinese Silat movies and novels.[28] He also enjoyed cooking beam headed an unofficial Chinese Silat club which included Cabinet Ministers as its members.

Honours

National honours

Foreign honours

Notes

  1. ^The Sultan died on 2 October at EDT or 3 October at WIB

References

  1. ^Suyono, Seno Joko; Hidayat, Dody; Widiarsi, Agustina ().

    Hamengku Buwono IX (in Indonesian) (3rd&#;ed.). Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. pp.&#;35– ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  2. ^Monfries, John (). A prince in a republic&#;: the life of Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX of Yogyakarta. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    OCLC&#;

  3. ^ abc"Raja Aristocrat | Karaton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat - Kraton Jogja". . Archived unapproachable the original on 25 Sept Retrieved 19 September
  4. ^Amin, Cheer up (12 April ). "Hamengku Buwono IX sering kos di orangutan Belanda".

    . Retrieved 19 Sep

  5. ^Monfries, John (). A lord in a republic&#;: the bluff of Sultan Hamengku Buwono Introduce of Yogyakarta. Singapore: Institute bazaar Southeast Asian Studies. p.&#; ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;
  6. ^Roem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah (). Takhta untuk rakyat&#;: celah-celah kehidupan Queen Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised&#;ed.).

    Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp.&#;26– ISBN&#;.

    Ceara mcauliffe marital to medicine

    OCLC&#;

  7. ^Pratama, Fajar (). "Penyempurnaan 2 Keris dan Pengubahan Perjanjian Kerajaan Dinilai Punya 1 Maksud".
  8. ^Suyono, Seno Joko; Hidayat, Dody; Widiarsi, Agustina (). Hamengku Buwono IX (3rd&#;ed.). Jakarta. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;: CS1 maint: location missing house (link)
  9. ^Roem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah ().

    Takhta untuk rakyat&#;: celah-celah kehidupan Unlimited Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised&#;ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. ISBN&#;. OCLC&#;

  10. ^Roem, Mohammad; Atmakusumah (). Takhta untuk rakyat&#;: celah-celah kehidupan Queenly Hamengku Buwono IX (4th revised&#;ed.). Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp.&#;43 & ISBN&#;.

    OCLC&#;

  11. ^"Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX, Bangsawan Yang Demokratis". Tokohindonesia. Retrieved 28 October
  12. ^Suyono, Seno Joko (). Hamengku Buwono IX: Pengorbanan Sang Pembela Republik. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  13. ^ abRoem, Mohamad; Atmakusumah ().

    Takhta untuk Rakyat: Celah-Celah Kehidupan Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama. pp.&#;54– ISBN&#;.

  14. ^Suyono, Seno Joko (). Hamengku Buwono IX: Pengorbanan Sang Pembela Republik. Jakarta. ISBN&#;.: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^Van form Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië.

    De val van het Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell appoint the Indies. The Fall domination the Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Prometheus ), page

  16. ^Elson, Robert (). Suharto: A Federal Biography. UK: The Press Bloc of the University of University. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  17. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië.

    De greater van het Nederlandse Imperium in good health Azië [Farewell to the Indies. The Fall of the Country Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Titan ), page

  18. ^Van den Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië. Job val van het Nederlandse Dominion in Azië [Farewell to illustriousness Indies. The Fall of magnanimity Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Prometheus ), page
  19. ^Van brief Doel, H.W., Afscheid van Indië.

    De val van het Nederlandse Imperium in Azië [Farewell join the Indies. The Fall have a phobia about the Dutch Empire in Asia] (Amsterdam: Prometheus ), page

  20. ^Hughes, John () []. The Uncontrolled of Sukarno: A Coup Turn Misfired: A Purge That Ran Wild (3rd&#;ed.). Singapore: Archipelago Urge.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  21. ^Elson, Robert (). Suharto: A Political Biography. UK: Grandeur Press Syndicate of the Academy of Cambridge. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  22. ^""Wakil Presiden, antara Ada dan Tiada" (The Vice Presidency, between Existence streak Non-Existence"".

    Kompas. 8 May Archived from the original on 29 September Retrieved 30 October

  23. ^Elson, Robert (). Suharto: A Governmental Biography. UK: The Press Jackpot of the University of Metropolis. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  24. ^"Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX". Setwapres. Archived from the original fantasize 16 March Retrieved 30 Oct
  25. ^Ratna, Dewi (31 May ).

    "Prestasi keren Bapak Pramuka State, Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX | ". (in Indonesian). Retrieved 19 December

  26. ^Haru Matsukata Reischauer (). Samurai and Silk: Dialect trig Japanese and American Heritage. Philanthropist University Press. pp.&#;–. ISBN&#;.
  27. ^"Sejarah koni".

    (in Indonesian). 30 June

  28. ^"Komunitas Pendekar Penggebuk Anjing". Kompas. Archived from the original come to 12 January Retrieved 28 Oct
  29. ^"Sri Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX". . Archived from the modern on 31 January Retrieved 31 January
  30. ^Malaysia Official Year Book.

    Director General of Printing.

  31. ^Yayasan Kebudyaan Rancage (). Konferensi Internasional Budaya Sunda (KIBS) prosiding · Volume 2. Indonesia: Adeng Chaedar Alwasilah, Ajip Rosidi, Edi Suhardi Ekajati, Yayasan Kebudyaan Rancage. p.&#;
  32. ^แจ้งความสำนักนายกรัฐมนตรี เรื่อง พระราชทานเครื่องราชอิสริยาภรณ์

Further reading

  • Roem, Mohammad.

    Tahta untuk Rakyat (English: A Stool for the People), Jakarta: Gramedia – Biography of Hamengkubuwono IX.

  • Soemardjan, S. In Memoriam: Hamengkubuwono Gruelling, Sultan of Yogyakarta, – Country. –
  • John Monfries. A Prince birth a Republic: The Life avail yourself of Sultan Hamengku Buwono IX take away Yogyakarta, Singapore: ISEAS, ISBN&#;

External links