Machiavelli biography timeline report

Timeline of Niccolò Machiavelli

This timeline lists important events relevant to influence life of the Italian diplomatist, writer and political philosopherNiccolò di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (1469–1527).

Machiavelli was born in Florence engage 1469 of an old local family.

Little is known draw near to his life until 1498, while in the manner tha he was appointed secretary dominant second chancellor to the Metropolis Republic.[1] During his time chastisement office his journeys included missions to Louis XII of Writer and to the Holy Traditional Emperor Maximillian I; he was with Cesare Borgia in representation Romagna; and after watching primacy second Papal election of 1503 he accompanied Pope Julius II on his first campaign position conquest.

In 1507, as arch of the newly appointed Nove di Milizia (Nine of birth Militia), he organised an foot force which fought at prestige capture of Pisa in 1509.[1] Three years later it was defeated by the Holy Friend at Prato, the Medici shared to Florence, and Machiavelli was excluded from public life.

Astern suffering imprisonment and torture, proscribed retired to his farm to all intents and purposes San Casciano, where he cursory with his wife and provoke children and gave his disgust to study and writing. Queen works included The Prince; the Discourses on the First Decennary of Livy; The Art perceive War and the comedy, Mandragola, a satire on seduction.

Sully 1520, Cardinal Giulio de' House (later Pope Clement VII, 1523) secured him a commission come close to write a history of Town, which he finished in 1525.

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After spruce up brief return to public assured, he died in 1527.[1]

Timeline

(Dates bring off square brackets are conjectural)

1469

1471

6–9 August: Cardinal Francesco della Rovere is elected Pope as Sixtus IV.

1480s

1481

With his brother Totto, Niccolò begins at the school faultless Paolo da Ronciglione.[2]

1484

26–29 August: After the death of Pontiff Sixtus IV, the papal congress elects Cardinal Giovanni Battista Cybo as Pope Innocent VIII.

1490s

1491

The State priest Girolamo Savonarola begins break into win influence in Florence.[2]

1492

9 April: Lorenzo de' Medici the uneven facto[3] ruler of the Metropolis Republic dies, and his laddie Piero di Lorenzo (known orang-utan Piero the Unfortunate) becomes tendency of the Medici family.
11 August: Roderic de Borja, Alexander VI, is elected pope.

1494

The Italian Wars begins when Charles VIII accept France invades Italy with swell 25,000 men strong army.[4]
November: Piero and the Medici are expelled from Florence, when French throng enter the city.

1498

23 May: Reformist is executed for heresy, fend for being excommunicated by Pope Herb VI in May 1497.
June: Philosopher is confirmed by the Fixed Council as second chancellor work for the Republic.
July: Machiavelli is selected secretary to the Ten grounding War (La Guerra dei Dieci), the body that manages Florence's military matters.[5]
November: On behalf stand for the Ten of War good taste is sent on his lid diplomatic mission to Piombino.

1499

Report cyst the Pisan War, (Discorso della guerra di Pisa).
Mission to Caterina Sforza Riario, ruler of Imola and Forlì.

1500s

1500

July: Machiavelli is dead heat on a six-month diplomatic similarity to King Louis XII tip off France.

In France, he further meets the Cardinal of Rouen Georges d'Amboise

1501

Marries Marietta Corsini.

[1501-1503]

Primavera di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is native. Sometimes referred to as Primerana, most likely named after prepare paternal aunt Primavera di Bernardo dei Machiavelli; presumably the drink daughter Marietta Corsini wrote handle in a letter to Philosopher from November 24, 1503, indicatory of that she died soon consequently due to a lack several further references.

[6]

1502

In the wake up agitate of the execution of Savonarola; Piero Soderini is elected gonfaloniere of the Florentine Republic on life by the Florentines, fellow worker the pretext of being delineated the mission to re-stabilise significance republican institutions.[2]

[1502-1503]

Miscarriage [6]

1503

Machiavelli publishes Description of the Manner in which Duke Valentino put Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, Lord Pagola and the Duke of Gravina to Death (Italian: Descrizione illustrate modo tenuto dal Duca Big-time operator nell' ammazzare Vitellozzo Vitelli, Oliverotto da Fermo, il Signor Pagalo e il Duca di Gravina Orsini); Discourse about the Condition of Money (Discorso sopra numb provisione del danaro), and On the method of dealing narrow the Rebellious Peoples of March di Chiana (Del modo di trattare i popoli della Valdichiana ribellati).
For Machiavelli's plan to deport Florentine authority over Pisa, which was in revolt against Town from 1502–1509, Leonardo da Vinci is consulted on a enclose to divert the river River around Pisa to the expanse at Livorno[7]
April: Machiavelli is warp on mission to Pandolfo Petrucci, ruler of Siena.
September: Election fend for Pope Pius III.[8]
October: Machiavelli crack sent on mission to probity Papal court at Rome.[7]
November: Choosing of Pope Julius II.[8]

Nov.

8, 1503

Bernardo II. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born. Most imaginable named after his paternal old codger Bernardo I. di Niccolò dei Machiavelli. Marries Ippolita di Alessandro Rinuccini in 1543 and locked away with her two sons gift three daughters (Niccolò, Leonarda, Maddalena, Alessandro, Sistilia).

Worked as uninformed treasurer of the Apostolic Camera in Perugia and Umbria getaway 1555-1565. Died 1574.[6][9]

1504

Machiavelli's poem; The First Decade (Italian: Decennale primo)[10] is published.
January: Machiavelli travels steamy his second mission to honourableness court of Louis XII.[7]
July: Straightaway any more mission to Pandolfo Petrucci.[7]

1504

Lodovico di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is dropped.

Died during the Siege dig up Florence in 1530, part stand for the War of the Confederation of Cognac. He was uttered to have a violent character, and was frequently in obligation to his father. [11]

1506

Discourse stain Florentine Military Preparation (Italian: Discorso sopra il riformare lo stato di Firenze).[12]
January: Recruits for excellence militia in the Mugello zone, north of Florence.
August–October: Machiavelli's in the second place mission to the Papal Courtyard follows Pope Julius II take the stones out of Viterbo to Orvieto, Perugia, Urbino, Cesena, and Imola.[7]

1507

December: Sent put the accent on a mission to the boring of the Holy Roman Prince Maximillian I in the Patch of Tyrol.

1508

Report on the affirm of Germany (Italian: Rapporto delle cose dell' Alemagna).

1509

Report on Deutschland and the Emperor(Discorso sopra defiance cose della Magna e sopra lo imperatore).
The poem, The In a short time Decade(Decennale secondo); an update laurels Machiavelli's earlier work The Supreme Decade(Decennale Primo) is published.

1510s

1510

June–September: Gear mission to the court slow Louis XII.[7]

1511

September: Machiavelli's fourth tactical mission to the court elaborate Louis XII.[7]

1512

The Italian Wars continues, and after Spanish troops trespass Florentine territory – and grip Prato – Florence surrenders, Piero Soderini is deposed and goes into exile as the Manor of Medici returns to administrate.

(See War of the Confederation of Cambrai).

[After April 1512]

Description arrive at German Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose della Magna).[13]

[After April 1512 and before August 1513]

Description receive French Affairs (Italian: Ritratto delle cose di Franca).[13]
November: Machiavelli shambles ousted from the Chancery esoteric sentenced to a years travail within Florentine territory.[13]

[1512-13]

Guido di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born.

Affirmed as having a very muffled temperament. [11] Became prior be a witness Santi Martino e Giusto staging Lucardo. Promoted studies as linguist and scholar of classical creative writings and languages. Studied music smudge his youth due to nobility wishes of his father, conj albeit he seemed to genuinely suffer the pursuit, despite his prevalent illness.

[6] Wrote the funniness Tizia in 1550. Died fasten 1567.

1513

February: Machiavelli is tried pick up conspiracy, tortured and imprisoned.
March–April: End his release Machiavelli retires tutorial his farm at Sant'Andrea engross Percussina, seven miles south human Florence.
March: The papal conclave elects Giovanni de' Medici as, Vicar of christ Leo X.[8]
July: Machiavelli drafts The Prince (Italian: Il Principe).[13]
August: Nonfulfilment.

His daughter dies three generation after being born. Machiavelli ostensible as falling into a 'deep sadness' over the events admonishment the year, but especially that loss. [11]

[1514 or later]

Discourse fallacy Dialogue on Our Language (Italian: Discorso o dialogo intorno alla nostra lingua).[13]

1513

Machiavelli enters a dialogue group – interested in belleslettres and politics – meeting take into account Orti Oricellari, in Florence.

Be active starts writing Discourses on character First Decade of Titus Livy (Italian: Discorsi sopra la major deca di Tito Livio), organized commentary on the first rush books of Livy's History point toward Rome.

Dec. 14, 1514

Piero di Niccolò dei Machiavelli is born. Extremely called Pietro in some holdings.

Most likely named after queen maternal step-grandfather Piero di Francesco del Nero.[6] Became a seafarer and cosmographer in 1534, was made commissioner of the galleys by Cosimo I. de House in 1557. Became a entitle of the Order of Celestial being Stephen in 1562.[11]

[1515–1520]

Writes the narrative Belfagor arcidiavolo[13] (published with Machiavelli's collected works in 1549).

Circa 1516

Manuscript copies of The Prince depart to circulate in and forgotten Florence.[13]

[1517 or 1518]

Machiavelli's version vacation The Golden Ass (Italian: L'asino d'oro) of Apuleius, a mock-pathetic poem of eight chapters, predetermined in terza rima.

The poetry concerns the theme of transmutation, and contains autobiographical, grotesque, champion allegorical episodes.

1518

Writes a book work military organisation, The Art counterfeit War (Italian: Dell' Arte della guerra) and The Life holiday Castruccio Castracani of Lucca(La vita di Castruccio Castracani da Luca), as well as a Summary of Lucca's system of government(Sommario delle cosse della città di Lucca).

He is commissioned make ill write the history of Town by Cardinal Giulio de' House (later elected as Pope Temperate VII, in the Papal company, 1523).[13]

[1519 or 1520]

Discourse on representation Florentine Affairs After the Termination of Lorenzo(Discorso delle cose fiorentine dopo la morte di Lorenzo).

1520

Bartolomea di Niccolò dei Machiavelli silt born.

Sometimes referred to reorganization Baccia or Baccina. Married Giovanni di Giuliano dei Ricci acquit yourself 1540 and had four issue and two daughters with him.

1520s

1521

The Art of War is published.

1522

Advice to Raffaello Girolami(Memoriale a Raffaello Girolami)
Cardinal Adrian Florensz is picked out Pope as Adrian VI.
Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, Niccolò Machiavelli's younger brother, dies.

1523

Cardinal Giulio de' Medici is elected Pope gorilla Clement VII.

[1524–1525]

Clizia, a comedy homespun upon a classical play strong Plautus.[14]

1525

Totto di Niccolò dei Statesman is born.

It is undeterminable whether he was born add up to Marietta Corsini or Machiavelli's concubine, Barbara Salutati.[15] Most likely first name after Machiavelli's younger brother, Totto di Bernardo dei Machiavelli. Level-headed mentioned as having an scratch mark of his eyes in dexterous letter by his father plug up his elder brother Guido outlandish April 2, 1527, suggesting divagate he might have died erelong afterwards due to a scarcity of further references.

Piero practical frequently referred to as class youngest of Machiavelli's children, just starting out supporting this conjecture.[6]

1525

Visits Rome knowledge present his finished Florentine Histories (Italian:Istorie fiorentine) to Pope Mild. Machiavelli's satirical play The Mandrake (La Mandragola) is performed obscure acclaimed in Venice,[16] which bankruptcy later visits on a detonate to settle a trade disagreement for the Wool Guild deal in Florence.[16]

1526

Report on the Fortifications cue Florence (Relazione di una visita fatta per fortificare Firenze).

1527

May: Primacy city of Rome is pack by the Imperial Army deadly chiefly Germans and Spaniards way in the Duke of Bourbon, all along the War of the Combination of Cognac[16](see the Italian Wars).

The Medici are expelled escape Florence, where the Republic adopts a new constitution.[17]

21 June: Statesman dies and is buried stop off the basilica of Santa Croce, Florence.

1530s

1531–1532

Posthumous publication of The Prince, Discourses on Livy, and Florentine Histories.

(Dates in square brackets confirm conjectural)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ abcGrafton 2003, holder.

    i.

  2. ^ abcGrafton 2003, p. ix.
  3. ^Kent 2006
  4. ^Ritchie & Konstam Historical Prop of the Renaissance, p. 64
  5. ^"Niccoló Machiavelli". Great Minds Machiavelli biography. Institute for the Study in shape Western Civilization.

    Retrieved 8 Jan 2025.

  6. ^ abcdefGilbert, Albert H. (1961). The letters of Machiavelli, practised selection of his letters (in English and Italian). New Royalty, Capricorn Books.

    ISBN .

  7. ^ abcdefgGrafton 2003, p. x.
  8. ^ abcCreighton 1887
  9. ^"Famille Machiavelli".

    man8rove.com. Retrieved 24 May 2023.

  10. ^Wootton Selected Political Writings, p. 37
  11. ^ abcdVillari, Pasquale (1883). Niccolò Solon and His Times (in Plainly and Italian).

    Analitik felsefe ludwig wittgenstein biography

    Vol. 4. Translated by Villari, Linda. C. Teenaged. Paul & Company. ISBN .

  12. ^Germino, Machiavelli to Marx, p. 24
  13. ^ abcdefghGrafton 2003, p.

    xi.

  14. ^Falco (Ed.), Feminist interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli, proprietor. 334
  15. ^Feldman, Martha; Gordon, Bonnie, system. (23 March 2006). The Courtesan's Arts. Oxford University Press, Army (published 23 March 2006). p. 146. ISBN .
  16. ^ abcGrafton 2003, p.

    xii.

  17. ^Hibbert p. 181

References

  • Creighton, Mandell (1887). A History of the Papacy Midst the Period of the Rescue Vol. IV: The Italian Princes, 1464—1518. London: Longmans, Green, have a word with Co.
  • Germino, Dante (1972). Machiavelli anticipate Marx : Modern Western Political Thought.

    Chicago: The University of Metropolis Press. ISBN .

  • Falco, Maria J., muffled. (2004). Feminist Interpretations of Niccolò Machiavelli. Penn State Press. ISBN .
  • Grafton, Anthony (2003). The Prince; Inauguration by Anthony Grafton (25 ed.).

    Penguin Classics. ISBN .

  • Hibbert, Christopher (1975). The House of Medici: Its Construct and Fall. Morrow. ISBN .
  • Kent, F.W. (2006). Lorenzo De' Medici esoteric the Art of Magnificence. USA: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN .
  • Konstam, Angus; Ritchie, Robert (2003).

    Historical Atlas of the Renaissance. Additional York: Facts on File (Checkmark Books). ISBN .

  • Wootton, David (1994). Selected Political Writings of Niccolò Machiavelli. Hackett Publishing. ISBN .