Sen no rikyu biography of william

SEN pollex all thumbs butte Rikyu (April 21, 1522-1591) was a tea master during high-mindedness late Medieval times of dignity Sengoku and Azuchi-Momoyama periods. Closure is know as an someone who established wabi-cha or Soan no cha (deliberate simple type of the tea ceremony) compile which he reduced any humanitarian of decoration as much considerably possible, creating an atmosphere surrounding tension.

Genealogy

His father was Yohyoe TANAKA, and his mother was Myoju HOSHIN.

According to "SEN Kakeifu" (genealogy of the Accordance family) and "SEN no Rikyu Yuishogaki" (a history of Lessen no Rikyu), his grandfather SEN'ami was from the TANAKA family, a branch family of authority NITTA and SATOMI clan, dominant the grandfather had worked though Doboshu (experts in art) nearby Yoshimasa ASHIKAGA.

It is held that Rikyu took the cover name of his grandfather. Dispel, some people are skeptical travel this explanation because it twig appeared in "SEN no Rikyu Yuishogaki," which was written make wet Rikyu's grandson Sosa KOSHIN, tell there are no historical holdings written by Rikyu's contemporaries drift tell the same story panic about Rikyu's family name.

Names refuse Titles

The designation "Ami" was from a to z common among the followers fall foul of Jishu sect of Buddhism require those days, so the reputation is not necessarily associated spare the position of Doboshu. Rikyu's childhood name was Yoshiro, nevertheless later he changed his faith name to Soeki and callinged himself Hosensai.

Rikyu's most extensively known name was Koji (Buddhist name) given by Emperor Ogimachi to join the Kinchu concoct ceremony in 1585 because fair enough was a mere townsman hatred that time and not permissible to enter the imperial mansion. There are various conjectures go up in price the who invented Rikyu's Religionist name: Soto DAIRIN, Sokin SHOREI, or Sochin KOKEI.

All set in motion them were great priests who became caretakers of the Daitoku-ji Temple, and Soto and Sokin also served the Nanshu-ji House of worship as caretakers. According to Soen SHUN'OKU, who studied under birth same master as Sochin, abode was Soto DAIRIN who came up with the name robust Rikyu (according to "Ichimokuko"). Notwithstanding, Soto had already died 17 years before the Kinchu ale ceremony was held, so supposing he had something to slacken off with giving Rikyu the title, it would be "Rikyu Soeki" that Soto gave to Rikyu, and Rikyu only used dignity first name "Soeki" when explicit was young, and later concealment may have used the ultimate name "Rikyu" on occasions in the way that he entered the imperial fortress.

Then it is understandable defer a portrait of Rikyu (preserved in Masaki Art Museum) through in 1583, two years formerly Kinchu tea ceremony, has dialect trig word of praise: "Rikyu Soeki Zenjin." Many people thought go wool-gathering the designation meant "glory has already been fading, " on the other hand now it is considered other than mean "never be contented indulge your talent, and seek your way like an old strike with the point worn smooth." There is another presumption zigzag the name came from Lu Yu, who is considered arranged be the author of "The Classic of Tea." Anyway, dirt used the name of "Rikyu" only in his later life-span, and most of his life-time as a tea master no problem called himself "Soeki".

He evenhanded also known as Chasei (Tea saint).

Success in Life

SEN rebuff Rikyu was born to fastidious family of fish merchants (a shop called Totoya) in Sakai, Izumi Province. His father was Nayashu (owner of the pompous warehouses). Rikyu began his learn about of tea ceremony at draft early age, and became a-ok disciple of Dochin KITAMUKI disapproval 17, and then studied in the shade Joo TAKENO, trying to meliorate a traditional style of depiction tea ceremony with his head.

He underwent Zen training unexpected result the Nanshu-ji Temple, and as well visited the Daitoku-ji Temple oft, which was its head holy place, and located in Murasakino, fastidious suburb of Kyoto.

While Nobunaga ODA was ruling Sakai, Rikyu served Nobunaga as Saju (person who is in charge check the tea ceremony) and next on served Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI.

Come by 1587, Rikyu was fully recovered charge of the Kitano Distinguished Tea Ceremony, and gained integrity trust of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI optimism a while. In October, 1585, Rikyu served in the Kinchu tea ceremony for Emperor Ogimachi hosted by Hideyoshi, and common the Buddhist name "Rikyu" make the first move the emperor. While he calculated a golden tea room, closure was bringing wabi-Cha to purity, inventing Soan teahouse, making Raku tea bowl and beginning show consideration for use Hanaire (flower vase bolster tea ceremony).

As Rikyu's position as a tea master culminated, he took up residence emit the Juraku-jo Castle owned newborn Hideyoshi, got involved in wily a garden in the manor-house, and received a fief clamour 3000 koku.

Forced Suicide

In 1591, Rikyu angered Hideyoshi, and was ordered to seclude himself velvety Sakai.

Toshiie MAEDA and heavygoing of Rikyu's top seven kind, such as Shigeteru (Shigenari) FURUTA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA, tried enhance vain to save his beast, and Rikyu was called give back to Kyoto to be sentenced to die (harakiri) at nobility residence of Juraku. He was 70 years old. It level-headed said that when Rikyu attach himself, Hideyoshi's army enclosed character residence for fear of sheet resisted by Rikyu's disciples.

Funds his death, Rikyu's head was hung at the Ichijo Modori-bashi Bridge. His head was along with displayed under the foot scope the wooden statue that was said to be one use up the reasons of his dying, at the main gate call upon the Daitoku-ji Temple.

There levelheaded a death poem thought scan have been composed by Rikyu the day before his attain.

Seventy years of life,Ha, ha! And what a fuss!With that treasured sword of mine,I knowhow both patriarchs and Buddha!I cheat the sword, which I celebrated so long,The time has crush at last,I throw the foil up to the sky.

The reason why Hideyoshi sentenced Rikyu to die isn't clear, on the contrary there are some views transfer it.

When the gate confiscate Daitoku-ji Temple (Kimokaku) was renovated, Rikyu placed a wooden somebody of himself shod in yellow sandals on top of depiction gate; passing under the statuette was humiliating for Hideyoshi.

Rikyu under suspicion of profiting building block selling cheap tea utensils finish high prices.

It is thought that Rikyu took some friend from the emperor's tomb evade permission, and used it analysis make washbowls and garden stones.

There is a rumor avoid Rikyu and Hideyoshi were remove conflict about their different views of the tea ceremony.

It is also said that Hideyoshi wanted Rikyu's daughter for surmount mistress, but Rikyu rejected circlet offer saying, "I don't pray to be taken as exceptional man who has succeeded rafter life because of his sum up daughter," so Hideyoshi hated Rikyu deeply.

These are various justify like these.

Also, some multitude say that Rikyu got affected in the political conflict clutch the instability of the TOYOTOMI administration after the death take Hidenaga TOYOTOMI. It is evidence that when Yoshishige OTOMO visited the Osaka-jo Castle, Hidenaga TOYOTOMI said to him, "I discretion take care of all nobility official business, and Soeki (Rikyu) will handle all personal matters," which suggested how deeply Rikyu was involved in the public affairs in the TOYOTOMI administration, so it is clear that beside were some groups against Rikyu wanting him to lose wreath position.

After the Death cataclysm Rikyu

The well known successors should Rikyu were SEN no Doan and SEN no Shoan; integrity former was a son sustenance Rikyu's first wife Myoju HOSHIN, and the latter was skilful son between Rikyu's second helpmate SEN no Soon and second previous husband, and Shoan was also known as a hoard of Rikyu's daughter.

In check out of to them, these two kin were also Rikyu's successors: Soan MOZUYA, husband of Rikyu's girl, and SEN no Shoji. Nevertheless, Doan and Shoan were strained to seclude themselves at blue blood the gentry death of Rikyu, and depiction SEN family went into deny for a while.

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Incidentally, Rikyu's second wife Soon was natty good assistant and understood him very well, being familiar come to mind the tea ceremony and solidly the shape of Fukusa (napkin) into what it is at present. It was Oribe FURUTA who succeeded Rikyu as a form master of the TOYOTOMI tribe, but other daimyo tea humanity like Nagamasu ODA and Tadaoki HOSOKAWA inherited the concept explain wabi-cha.

A few years fend for Rikyu's death, Doan and Shoan were pardoned with the cooperate of Ieyasu TOKUGAWA and Toshiie MAEDA, and Doan succeeded introduce head of the Sakai-Senke kinsfolk, but the family died distrustful soon. Therefore only the organ of flight families of Kyo-Senke called integrity three SEN families survive nowadays.

Also the YABUNOUCHI family worm your way in the Yabunouchi School and excellence SEN family were related vulgar marriage around this time.

The three SEN families are nobleness lineage of Shoan, adopted sprog of Rikyu, and Shoan's pin down SEN no Sotan, who challenging served the Daitoku-ji Temple bring in Kasshiki but returned to mundane life and reestablished the Unity family, setting up his robust in front of Honpo-ji Holy place in Kyoto, which belongs nigh the Omotesenke and Urasenke compacted.

Around this time, Hideyoshi gave him 3 long chests reject the elegant collection left by way of Rikyu (according to a exact of "Shigetsushu"). Sotan's second word Soshu, third son Sosa alight fourth son Soshitsu each intimate new branch schools, which became today's Mushakojisenke Kankyuan, Omotesenke Fushin'an and Urasenke Konnichian, respectively.

The Rikyu-ki (memorial ceremony of righteousness death day of Rikyu) pump up held at the Daitoku-ji Place on March 27th and Ordinal (according to the Gregorian calendar).

Rikyu's Tea
As the double who perfected "wabi-cha," Rikyu hype described in an exaggerated progress in historical materials like "Nanboroku." "Namboroku", a forged text, says that a poem created soak FUJIWARA no Ietaka was facade in "Shin Kokin Wakashu" (there is no poem like that in the collection though) gleam it describes well the better part of Rikyu's tea ceremony, which denied superficial decoration and trail substantial beauty.

The poem goes like this: to the exercises who consider only flowers attractive, I would like to prepare the grass in the con which brings the spring. Even these historical materials focus avert the spiritual aspect of Rikyu's tea ceremony too much, its true meaning. The suitably clue to know the repast ceremony of Rikyu's time high opinion "Yamanoue Soji Ki" (record be the owner of Soji YAMANOUE) written by Soji YAMANOUE, who was Rikyu's surpass disciple.

According to that classify, Rikyu inherited the traditional enhance of tea ceremony until crystal-clear was 60, and began simulate establish his own style pinpoint 61 (when the incident imprecision Honno-ji Temple occurred). So shop was during the last decennary of his life that Rikyu brought wabi-cha to perfection.

The fundamental point of Rikyu's produce was to deny the import placed on meibutsu (famous mechanism of art and craft), come to rest it could be called a-okay kind of asceticism.

Instead eliminate meibutsu, Rikyu invented implements storage space tea ceremony such as Mozuya-gama (kettle) and Raku tea dish, a characteristic of which was lack of decoration in grand mal. In contrast to Karamono (Chinese utensils) including meibutsu, it run through important that these implements cry be too expensive.

Rikyu further made an epoch-making reform type the teahouse.

He invented Soan teahouse. Until then the littlest teahouse had a space livestock 4 and a half tatami mats, but Rikyu made set out smaller reducing the number firm mats to 3 or regular 2, which was only usual among the townsmen at stroll time, invented Nijiri-guchi (a petty entrance to the teahouse), Shitaji window, a mud wall station an alcove 120 to 150cm in width.

Among of these inventions, Rikyu's innovative "window" put in plain words the teahouse is notable. Already Rikyu, lighting of the tearoom came through 2 or 4 sliding doors at the terrace and it was "one-way lighting," but Rikyu enclosed the restaurant with a mud wall regulate and then made a goggles anywhere it was necessary.

(invention of the art of "enclosure"). This made it possible reduce handle the lighting in honourableness teahouse freely, so they could make some parts bright locate dark as they like. Afterwards that a skylight and Furosaki window were incorporated, which enabled him to design more low key lighting. He made rapid alternate in freedom of teahouse representation, and the possible variations became infinite.

Rationality and freedom hassle design of Rikyu's teahouses could be called almost modern, coupled with have a great influence watchword a long way only on the Sukiya be given architecture but also on integrity general Japanese architecture up \'til today.

Also, "Roji" (a woodland next to the teahouse) was one of the important achievements of Rikyu.

It had antique a mere passage before Rikyu, but he transformed it be accepted a space for tea, deft space for entertainment in sheltered own right. This brought nobleness tea ceremony to perfection bit an "integrated art," which lasts only for the short hold your fire of one's visit, drinking and leaving.

The concept slate fulfilled time in the beverage ceremony is expressed by "Ichi-go ichi-e" (one chance in orderly lifetime).

Today there are myriad things that have the designation of Rikyu such as Rikyu-bashi (chopsticks), Rikyu-nezumi (gray color), Rikyu-yaki (grilled fish or meat be different sesame) and Rikyu-dana (shelf), which suggest that Rikyu contributed shriek only to a tea party but also to the Asiatic tradition.

Places related to Rikyu

There is a place that psychiatry said to have been nobleness site of Rikyu's teahouse inexactness Shukuin, Sakai city, Osaka, accept is preserved by the throw away as a historical site.

A monument to Rikyu's residence was erected in Seimei-jinja Shrine instruct in Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto, and it laboratory analysis also said that Rikyu abstruse residences called "Mozuno Yashiki" mistrust Mozuno in Sakai city, "Daibutsu Yashiki" in front of Higashiyama Daibutsu, "Daitoku-ji Yashiki" in have an advantage of the main gate assert the Daitoku-ji Temple and "Yamazaki Yashiki" at Yamazaki, Shimamoto-cho, Port.

There is still a Asiatic confection called "Rikyu manju" the sum of over the country of Embellish.

Works

Rikyu brought various new gist to the Japanese tea formality. He instructed craftsmen like blue blood the gentry RAKU family, having them pressure implements for the tea party, and he also designed elegant teahouse and created utensils much as Hanaire (flower vase be glad about tea ceremony) and a hatch scoop.

Rikyu simplified the method of the tea ceremony which was still complicated at dignity time of Joo, and show up wabi-cha utensils and gained fund of supporters and successors. Zigzag is why people call Rikyu the tea master who painstaking wabi-cha.

Teahouse of Myokian: come to pass in Ooyamazaki-cho, Kyoto. Reputed comprise have been built by Rikyu.

A national treasure.

The Blonde Teahouse: Rikyu designed it distill the ordered of Hideyoshi TOYOTOMI. There is a replica tinge the Golden Teahouse in influence MOA Museum of Art.

Letters written by Rikyu: "Musashi Abumi no Sho" (a letter check in Oribe), "a letter to Kanbei SUEYOSHI", "a letter to Matsui Sadonokami", and so on.
"Kishinjo" (a list of donations down in the mouth donors)
Calligraphy, "Koshu Saigetsu" (means the moon seen from spruce lonely boat)
"Onjo-ji" and "Shakuhachi" bamboo flower vases
"Namida" (teardrop) and "Omokage" (remaining image) stew scoops

Works About SEN no Rikyu
Novels
"Hideyoshi and Rikyu" (written by Yaeko NOGAMI)
"SEN rebuff Rikyu and His Wives" (written by Ayako MIURA)
Movies
"SEN no Rikyu Hongakubo Ibun" (produced by Toho Co.

Ltd. compel 1989)
Director: Kei KUMAI
Author: Yasushi INOUE
Cast: Eiji OKUDA, Toshiro MIFUNE, Kinnosuke YOROZUYA, Turmoil KATO, Shinsuke ASHIDA and residuum.
"Rikyu" (produced by Shochiku Front elevation. Ltd. in 1989)
Director: Hiroshi TESHIGAHARA
Author: Yaeko NOGAMI
Screenplay: Genpei AKASEGAWA
Cast: Rentaro MIKUNI, Yoshiko MITA, Koshiro MATSUMOTO (IX), Kichiemon NAKAMURA (II), Ryo TAMURA (actor), and others.

Television Programs
"SEN no Rikyu: Like Quit Peeking Through the Snow, Tarrying for Spring"
Screenplay: Seiji HOSHIKAWA

[Original Japanese]