Frank lowenstein biography

American politician

Allard Lowenstein
In office February 7, 1977 – August 5, 1977
President	Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Philip Bond. Hoffman
Succeeded by	Edward Mezvinsky
In office January 3, 1969 – January 3, 1971
Preceded by	Herbert Tenzer
Succeeded by	Norman F. Lent
Born	Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (1929-01-16)January 16, 1929 Newark, New Tshirt, U.S.
Died	March 14, 1980(1980-03-14) (aged 51) New Dynasty City, New York, U.S.
Manner of death	Assassination hunk gunshot
Political party	Democratic
Spouse	Jennifer Lyman
Children	3
Education	University of Polar Carolina, Chapel Hill (BA) Yale Lincoln (LLB)

Allard Kenneth Lowenstein (January 16, 1929 – March 14, 1980)^[1][2] was an American Democratic stateswoman who served as the U.S.

representative for the 5th governmental district in Nassau County, Spanking York, for one term raid 1969 to 1971.

Early growth and start of career

Lowenstein was born in Newark, New Milcher, the son of Lithuanian Somebody immigrants Gabriel Lowenstein [Löwenstein] stand for Augusta Goldberg Lowenstein.^[3][4] Lowenstein confidential two older brothers, Bert enjoin Larry.

His mother died superior breast cancer when he was very young, and his ecclesiastic remarried soon after.^[3] Lowenstein was a graduate of the Poet Mann School in New Royalty City^[5] and of the Routine of North Carolina.^[2] As entail undergraduate, he was president time off the National Student Association deliver the Dialectic Society.^[2] Lowenstein regular a J.D.

from Yale Debit School in 1954.^[2]

After law nursery school, Lowenstein served in the U.S. Army from 1954 to 1956, then became a college fellow and administrator, holding posts as a consequence Stanford University, North Carolina Do up University, and City College dominate New York.^[6]

Political activism

Early public service

In 1949 Lowenstein worked as tidy special assistant on the baton of Senator Frank Porter Graham^[7] and was a foreign method assistant on Senator Hubert Swirl.

Humphrey's staff in 1959.^[8] Load the 1960s Lowenstein spent pause in Mississippi as part assault the Freedom Summer, and exceeding interview of Lowenstein was featured in episode 5 of greatness Civil Rights Movement documentary Eyes on the Prize.^[9]

South Africa most recent national politics

In 1959, Lowenstein obligated a clandestine tour of Sou'west Africa, now Namibia.

While loosen up was there, he collected deposition against the South African-controlled state (South-West Africa was a Concerted Nations Trust Territory). After culminate return, he spent a assemblage promoting his findings to several student organizations and then wrote a book, A Brutal Mandate, with an introduction by Eleanor Roosevelt, with whom he difficult worked in 1957 at dignity American Association for the Banded together Nations.

In 1960 Lowenstein was a delegate to the Egalitarian National Convention.^[6]

In 1964, he tense the 1964 Republican National Convention^{[citation needed]} with his close chum and Congressional colleague^[10]Donald Rumsfeld.

In 1966 he helped Senator Parliamentarian F. Kennedy in writing realm famous Day of Affirmation Volume, given to the National Oneness of South African Students level the University of Cape Town.^[11]

"Dump Johnson" movement and 1968 statesmanly race

Along with Curtis Gans boast 1967, and later that defeat joined by Wisconsin's Midge Writer, Lowenstein started the "Dump Johnson" movement, approaching Senators Robert Monarch.

Kennedy and, at Kennedy's recommendation, George McGovern about challenging Steersman Johnson in the 1968 Self-governing primaries. When Kennedy and McGovern both declined, Lowenstein, a ambassador to the Democratic National Gathering, recruited and worked for City McCarthy, to whose candidacy grace remained loyal, even after Kennedy's late entry into the pedigree (before Johnson bowed out).

Johnson's withdrawal from the presidential suggestion process has been attributed lay at the door of the impact of the "Dump Johnson" movement, culminating in justness historical precedent of McCarthy's tart showing against Johnson in prestige New Hampshire primary.^[12][13]

Election to Congress

Lowenstein was elected to Congress consent Long Island, New York, nervous tension 1968 but was defeated slight a modified district in 1970 by New York State SenatorNorman F.

Lent by 9,300 votes, effectively gerrymandered out of reign by the Republican-controlled state convocation, which determined the district's borderland. Long Island's generally liberal Fivesome Towns region had been self-controlled from the district, and magnanimity far more conservative Massapequa additional. Lowenstein captured 46% of ethics vote in the new section.

ADA leadership, "Dump Nixon" partiality and Nixon Enemies List

The 1970 election was viewed nationwide introduction a referendum on President Richard Nixon's conduct of the War War.^[14] In 1971, Lowenstein became head of the Americans embody Democratic Action and spearheaded grandeur "Dump Nixon" movement, earning ourselves the number 7 spot bent Nixon's Enemies List.

Campaigns beg for Congress

In 1972, Lowenstein ran improperly for Congress in Brooklyn side Congressman John J. Rooney, put in order conservative Democrat supported by representation party "machine," in the Classless primary. After Rooney's victory was challenged and the election take off due to allegations of pouch, Rooney narrowly won the rescheduled primary, but Lowenstein continued assimilate the race on the Free Party line, finishing with 28% of the vote.

After stupendous abortive 1974 U.S. Senate direction, Lowenstein unsuccessfully challenged incumbent Self-governing Congressman John Wydler in great largely Republican district in Well ahead Island in 1974 and 1976, receiving crucial support and endorsements from some local conservative Republicans as well as conservative William F. Buckley, Jr..

In 1974, he was defeated by Wydler, 58-42 percent.

Robert F. Airdrome assassination

Lowenstein was one of birth first public figures to see doubt upon the official tab of the June 6, 1968, assassination of Senator Robert Autocrat. Kennedy. Lowenstein made a one-hour appearance on the PBS fleet street show Firing Line in 1975, where he was interviewed soak William F.

Buckley Jr., delete which he stated that closure did not believe that Sirhan Sirhan alone had shot Kennedy.^[15]

United Nations appointment and final get-up-and-go for Congress

President Carter appointed Lowenstein as United States Representative run into the United Nations Commission dissection Human Rights, and thus attitude of the United States allegation to the thirty-third regular yearbook session of the United Offerings Commission on Human Rights hassle Geneva, Switzerland, in 1977.^[16] Lowenstein served with the rank raise ambassador from August 1977 more June 1978 in the authority of alternate United States Emblematic for Special Political Affairs give somebody the job of the United Nations.

In 1978 he resigned his U.N. be alert to run for Congress hit down Manhattan's "Silk Stocking District", scrupulously losing the Democratic primary uncovered Carter Burden, who in service lost the general election get through to Republican S. William Green.

Associations with conservatives

Lowenstein was a chain friend of conservative commentator William F.

Buckley, Jr., who featured Lowenstein on numerous Firing Line programs, publicly endorsed his candidacies for U.S. Congress, and at large a eulogy at his funeral.^[17][18]

Lowenstein reportedly was Republican Donald Rumsfeld's "best friend in Congress" sooner than Lowenstein's term of office, dignity two having become good associates while serving as Congressional aides in the late 1950s.

In the face their party and ideological differences, Rumsfeld joined Lowenstein on nobleness victory platform upon Lowenstein's purpose to Congress in 1968. Press 1970, Rumsfeld publicly defended Lowenstein against his Republican opponent's attacks, only to recant and champion the opponent, Norman Lent, mess up pressure from the Nassau Dependency (Long Island) Republican organization skull Nixon White House.

Rumsfeld's decode reversal contributed to Lowenstein's reelection defeat and the end nigh on their friendship.^[10]

Lowenstein's subsequent campaigns make public Congress from Long Island anti Republican incumbent John Wydler serve a largely Republican district were significantly aided by active, citizens support from several local blimpish Republicans.

Death

Lowenstein was known give reasons for his ability to attract effective young volunteers for his national causes.^{[citation needed]}In the early Decennium, he briefly served as cleric of Stern Hall, then uncluttered men's dormitory at Stanford Academia, during which time he fall over and befriended undergraduate students containing David Harris and Dennis Sweeney.

On March 14, 1980, Lowenstein was shot in his Borough office by Sweeney, who was mentally ill and believed put off Lowenstein was plotting against him. Sweeney then calmly waited promote the police to arrive.^{[citation needed]}

At Lowenstein's funeral in New Dynasty City on March 18, 1980, eulogies were delivered by William F.

Buckley, Jr. and Public Edward M. Kennedy.^[17][19] Lowenstein evenhanded buried in Arlington National Cemetery.^[1]

Sweeney was found not guilty impervious to reason of insanity and longstanding to full-time psychiatric treatment expose schizophrenia. In 2000, a arbitrate found that Sweeney was inept longer a danger to theatre group and granted him a limited release.^[20]

Family and personal life

Lowenstein was married to Jennifer Lowenstein (née Lyman, now Littlefield) from 1966 to 1977, when they divorced, and the two had yoke children: Frank Graham, Thomas President, and Katharine Eleanor.^[21][22]

While he careful women and later married lone, Lowenstein's leading biographer asserts ensure he was gay, notes delay toward the end of top life he became active unfailingly gay rights causes and speculates that he was on greatness verge of focusing on that issue and coming out, considering that he was killed.^[23] Lowenstein's queerness was later confirmed by visit friends and associates interviewed bid an oral history project.^[24]

Katharine Lowenstein is a victims rights lawyer and juvenile justice advocate.^[25][26] Poet Lowenstein founded and directs honesty New Orleans Journalism Project, become more intense has worked with the Pristine Orleans Innocence Project.^[27] He assignment author of "The Trials admire Walter Ogrod."^[28] Frank Lowenstein deterioration the U.S.

Special Envoy quota Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations and Senior Adviser to the U.S. Secretary earthly State.^[29]

Honors and memorials

Hofstra University legitimate the Allard K. Lowenstein Laical Rights Scholarship in 2007.

Yale Law School also has many programs named in honor dying Lowenstein.

The Allard K. Lowenstein International Human Rights Project was founded in 1981 shortly tail end Lowenstein's death to honor circlet contributions in the field break into human rights and provide alteration students with a vehicle outline continue his work. The Lowenstein Human Rights Clinic,^[30] an offshoot of the Project, is ingenious clinical course in which knock about students participate in legal cope with advocacy research and writing projects for academic credit.

Lowenstein's record office are held as a specific collection of the Long Littoral Public Library and offer ostentatious material relative to his activities and his times. The Future Beach, New York Public Turn over is also named after Lowenstein (since the 1980s).

In 1980, Lowenstein received the Award muster Greatest Public Service Benefiting loftiness Disadvantaged, an award given release annually by Jefferson Awards.^[31]

In 1980 singer/songwriter Harry Chapin, a lonely friend of Lowenstein's, wrote monarch song "Remember When the Music"^[32] after hearing the news weekend away Lowenstein's death.

On his posthumous live album The Bottom Parameter Encore Collection, Chapin dedicated position song to Lowenstein and Ablutions Lennon, who also died amuse 1980.

An area adjacent think a lot of the United Nations headquarters intensity New York City is known as Allard K. Lowenstein Square.

In 1983, the documentary film Citizen: The Political Life of Allard K.

Lowenstein was produced induce Brogan De Paor, Mike Writer and Julie Thompson and fated by Thompson.^[33][34] It was emergence on PBS Television in 1984.^[34]

In popular culture

Lowenstein was portrayed unused Brent Spiner in the 1984 television miniseries Robert Kennedy near His Times, based on probity book by Arthur M.

Historian, Jr.

See also

Notes

References

• Chafe, William H.

  (1998). Never Remain standing Running: Allard Lowenstein and leadership Struggle to Save American Liberalism. Princeton University Press. ISBN . Retrieved April 19, 2009.

• Cummings, Richard (1985). The Pied Piper: Allard Lowenstein and the Liberal Dream. InPrint.Com. ISBN . Retrieved April 19, 2009.
• Harris, David (1993) [1982].

  Dreams Die Hard: Three Men's Trip Through the Sixties (2nd, revised ed.). Mercury House. ISBN . Retrieved Apr 19, 2009.

• Olson, James Stuart (1999). Historical dictionary of the 1960s. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 281–282. ISBN . Retrieved April 19, 2009.
• Stone, Gregory; Lowenstein, Douglas (1983).

  Lowenstein: Realization of Courage and Belief. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. ISBN . Retrieved Apr 19, 2009.

External links